Where COVID-19 Analysis

: In this lesson, we will study the research paper and implementation of a COVID-19 accessibility analysis.

Wednesday, May 19

Lecture

• Review GitHub repositories and course standing
• Answer the challenge from Monday (what is the greatest error?) and research a solution to the error.
• Strategize minor revisions to the Kang et al 2020 reproduction (ideas from class are listed below)

Lab

Two suggestions/reminders:

• Remember that this research was used in an online dashboard to monitor COVID and guide response: WhereCOVID-19
• Last week, we cloned the repository to the CyberGISX virtual computing platform. It might also help to clone your repository to your local computer through GitHub Desktop, in order to easily view input and ouput data in QGIS. Just remember to commit and push changes from CyberGISX to your GitHub account!

In lab, your goal will be to:

• Make some (modest) improvements to the Where COVID-19 notebook and repository (ideas based on lecture discussion)
• Push changes from CyberGISX to your GitHub Repository
• Publish a report for the reproduction analysis (ouline below)
• Based on class discussion, your reproduction of this study should include three interventions:
  1. Additional code comments and/or markdown explanations of the methods as you understand them (your work from May 12)
  2. Fix for one major error in the current version of the code (discussed in class)
  3. Address any one minor contribution you wish to make (some ideas from class listed below, but you’re not limited to these)

Note on pushing changes to GitHub

The new network graph file is over 100mb in size, above the max file size limit on GitHub. Therefore we cannot version-track it or push it to GitHub. That’s ok, because you’re updating code to generate that graph from OSM directly. However, you’ll need to add only your python notebook or other small data files to any Git commit, e.g. rather than using git add . to add all files, use git add COVID-19Acc.ipynb to add and commit the Jupyter python notebook specifically. Alternatively, download the notebook from CyberGISX and add it to your repository locally or on GitHub.com. Remember there were instructions for Git command line last week

Report Outline

• Introduction explaining the interest and purpose in reproducing the Kang et al (2020) study, and very briefly introducing what the study was about.
• Materials and Methods briefly explaining and citing what data sources and computational resources were used for the study. The length/depth of this explanation may be similar to your review of the Twitter for Wildfire Hazards paper (Wang et al 2016). Explain any changes you made to the original python notebook / repository.
• Results and Discussion include images of findings (maps, graphs) and link to your final repository for the reproduction. Discuss what you learned from the reproduction attempt, especially any knowledge, insight, or uncertainty that was encoded in the repository or discovered in the reproduction but not explained in the published paper.
• Conclusions with emphasis on the significance of the reproduction study you just completed. Was the study reproducible, and has the reproduction study increased, decreased, or otherwise refined your belief in the validity of the original study? Conclude with any insights, priorities, or questions for future research.
• Note on Style: Remember that the primary motivation for reproduction and replication studies is not punitive. Frame your discussions in this report and previous reports in the constructive motivation for improving scientific knowledge through peer review. Project like CyberGISX generally, and the Kang et al 2020 publication specifically, are very new in geography, and our engagement with them should be both encouraging and constructive while emphasizing the value of open science.

Class ideas for modest contributions

• There are other models besides two-step catchment analysis for spatial interaction in health geography, e.g. gravity model.
• How important or efficient is the network simplification function? Does this impact the locations/connectivity of any hospitals?
• Clarify use of packages and functions throughout the code
• Could area-weighted reaggregation be used for the overlap analysis?
• Why are hexagons used for the analysis as opposed to other spatial data structures, e.g. a raster-like tesselation of squares? In other words, is there a modifiable areal unit problem? Does the use of different sizes and shapes for the unit of analysis matter?
• How are weights justified for the enhanced distance bands? Would different weights significantly change outcomes?
• Filter hopstial types in the code, rather than beforehand.
• Should the default network speed be set to 35mph?
• Could other forms of transit be included? Why is the analysis dependent upon personal vehicle use?
• Is there a better indicator for hospital capacity other than ventilators?
• Pay attention to CRSs: are they always transformed when they need to be? Can the final maps be projected?
• Add time benchmark to key sections of code with %%time as the first line of the code block

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